水貂循环免疫复合物检测方法的建立及应用

本试验建立了检测水貂循环免疫复合物(CIC)的微量PEG沉淀比浊法和固相C_(1q)—SPA—ELISA.用这两种方法检测了38例健康水貂血清、126例阿留申病(AD)病貂血清.微量PEG沉淀比浊法的结果(OD值,(?)±S)为:健康水貂0.081±0.042,AD病貂0.198±0.066;固相C_(1q)—SPA—ELISA的结果(OD值,(?)±S)为:健康水貂0.245±0.057,AD病貂0.503±0.167,敏感性为0.25μg/mL.经统计学处理,健康水貂与AD病貂血清OD值之间呈极显著差异(P<0.01),表明水貂阿留申病的病理过程与CTC有关.建立的两种方法均具有快速、简便、重复性好和敏感性高等特点,两种方法的相关性显著.     

六十二株水貂源大肠杆菌分离株耐药表型与耐药基因及克隆菌群分析

为了调查诸城地区某水貂养殖场粪便源大肠杆菌的表观及其分子特征,采集某个水貂养殖场的水貂粪便进行大肠杆菌分离鉴定,对分离鉴定的大肠杆菌进行血清型鉴定和对14种常见抗菌药物的耐药表型鉴定;使用PCR检测耐药基因以及Ⅰ整合子基因盒的携带情况,利用多位点序列分型（MLST）来分析菌株的克隆关系并构建系统发育树来分析相同克隆群菌株的遗传相似性。结果显示,自82份水貂粪便样品分离到62株大肠杆菌,分离率75.61%;大肠杆菌分离株对AMP和TET的耐药率超过90%,多重耐药菌株（MDR）占比为85.48%。PCR检测到5类耐药基因的存在,qnrS检出率最高,为61.29%（38/62）;aaC2、aaC4、sul1和aac（6'）-Ib-cr耐药基因与菌株产生相应的耐药抗性存在一致性（P<0.01）。分离菌株中Ⅰ类整合子可变区域的优势结构为dfrA27-aadA2-qnrA。鉴定出致病性血清型的存在,且对应菌株都具有多重耐药性,优势血清型为O104：H4。分离株中存在33个STs,ST46为优势STs（16.13%）,具有3个主要克隆群,依次为CC10、CC46和CC176;与致病性相关菌株的STs和人源大肠杆菌具有共同的遗传背景。本研究表明,养殖场的水貂受到致病性和多重耐药性大肠杆菌的污染,相同克隆群菌株的耐药基因分布具有多态性,表观特征差异明显。     

β-环糊精包合花椒挥发油的新工艺研究

[目的]提高花椒挥发油在制剂和食品加工过程中的稳定性。[方法]以花椒与β-环糊精的投料比、包合温度、包合时间为考察因素进行正交试验,研究β-环糊精包合花椒挥发油的新工艺。[结果]该研究一步完成了花椒挥发油的提取和包合,与原工艺相比,液-液包合法的包合率明显升高,而且省去了单独提取和分离挥发油的过程,减少了挥发油的损失,缩短了挥发油的制备时间。花椒与β-环糊精的投料比对花椒挥发油包合率的影响最大,其次是包合时间,包合温度的影响最小。[结论]β-环糊精包合花椒挥发油的最佳工艺为:花椒与β-环糊精的投料比15∶10,包合温度95℃,包合时间60 min,而且该工艺重现性好,产品质量稳定。     

狂犬病神经元包涵体的观察

观察患狂犬病的牧羊犬大脑皮层海马的锥体细胞浆内的包涵体。对一只患狂犬病的牧羊犬进行病理学剖检及抗原检测,并取病犬大脑皮层的海马回部组织制作组织学切片观测包涵体。病理剖检结果表明,尸体无特征变化。取犬唾液和脑组织匀浆液进行抗原检测,结果均呈阳性。根据发病情况、病理学剖检及抗原检测,可诊断为狂犬病。在患狂犬病的牧羊犬大脑皮层海马的锥体细胞浆内有2~5μm的圆形或椭圆形紫红色的包涵体。     

Starch gelatinization and amylose–lipid interactions during rice parboiling investigated by temperature resolved wide angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry

Starch gelatinization and formation of crystalline amylose–lipid complexes during the heat/moisture treatment step in rice parboiling were studied with temperature resolved wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using flour from Puntal (24% apparent amylose) and Jacinto (12% apparent amylose) rice samples [66, 40 or 25% moisture content (mc)]. Temperature resolved WAXS showed that the crystallinity index (CI, i.e. the relative amount of A-type crystals) of non-parboiled rice flours at 66% mc, monotonically decreased between 65 °C (Puntal) and 70 °C (Jacinto) and 90 °C (both Puntal and Jacinto). These temperatures were in agreement with the respective onset and conclusion temperatures of the M₁ endotherm measured by DSC. At 40% mc, the CI decreased monotonically from 65 °C (Puntal) and 70 °C (Jacinto) until 105 °C. In DSC both M₁ and M₂ endotherms were present. The conclusion temperature of the M₂ endotherm was higher than 105 °C. At 25% mc, the CI decreased very gradually and A-type crystals were no longer present at 145 °C. Under these conditions, no DSC endotherms were detected. No type II amylose–lipid complexes were formed during heating at 66% mc. In contrast, at 40 and 25% mc, V_h-type crystals were formed from 100 and 130 °C, respectively. Non-parboiled white rice flour had a strong A-type pattern. Mildly parboiled rice had a clear A-type, with a weak V_h-type and B-type pattern. Severe parboiling resulted in partially crystalline systems with superimposed A-type, V_h-type and B-type crystals. It was concluded that the rice variety, the combination of mc and the moisture distribution in the rice kernel and the temperature during parboiling all impact the level and the types of crystals in the parboiled rice.     

Molecular encapsulation of flavours as helical inclusion complexes of amylose

The formation of helical inclusion compounds of amylose with different typical flavour compounds was optimised. Maximal guest molecule contents between 5.7 and 10.4 wt% in the complex were obtained. This corresponds to segments of 8–16 anhydroglucose units in the amylose helix per included guest molecule. Contents of this order of magnitude approach the maximum content of guest molecules possible in the core of the amylose helix. A method for determining the association constants for complexing using headspace gas chromatography was applied. Constants ranging from K=29–1080 l/mol were obtained. The association constant with the same guest molecule is strongly dependent on the origin and the chain length of the amylose.Flavours with low boiling points such as hexanal (b.p. 128 °C) form complexes which are completely stable under freeze-drying conditions and show long-term stability. Flavour release was only observed at high temperatures (80 °C). On addition of water, guest molecules are quickly released but with water activities of a_w=0.3—as found in normal dry food—the complexes are stable at room temperature.Complexes with two or more guest molecules show a remarkable influence on complexing ability induced by the co-inclusion compounds. The overall content of guest molecules is lower compared to that obtained with individual flavour compounds.     

2,2’-联吡啶基嘧啶桥连Cr配合物的电子结构及光谱性质的理论研究

以密度泛函和含时密度泛函为理论基础,通过Gaussion03程序,应用密度泛函中的B3LYP方法,在6-31G（d）基组下,对2,2’-联吡啶基嘧啶桥连Cr配合物的电子结构及光谱性质进行了系统的量子化学理论研究.同时,比较了配合物的几何构型、红外光谱和电子吸收光谱.该研究对有关联吡啶基嘧啶桥连Cr配合物的开发与利用有一定的促进作用.     

B型烟粉虱危害对烟草叶片光系统II的影响

【目的】研究B型烟粉虱取食危害对烟草光系统II的影响,为明确烟粉虱对寄主植物光合作用的影响机制提供依据。【方法】通过测定烟草叶片叶绿素荧光快速诱导曲线,使用JIP-test分析技术进行参数分析,研究B型烟粉虱危害烟草后对烟草的局部虫体叶和系统叶光系统II（PSII）的影响。【结果】B型烟粉虱危害烟草后虫体叶和系统叶上的最大光化学效率（φpo）和光化学性能指数（PIABS）与对照相比均明显升高（P＜0.05）,表明处理烟草植株的局部叶和系统叶的原初光化学反应受到较大的伤害。B型烟粉虱危害烟草后虫体叶和系统叶PSII反应中心的电子传递均受阻,放氧复合体受到严重破坏。B型烟粉虱危害烟草后系统叶的单位反应中心吸收的能量（ABS/RC）和单位反应中心热耗散掉的能量（DIo/RC）增加,单位反应中心捕获的能量（TRo/RC）下降;B型烟粉虱危害的虫体叶中ABC/RC没有变化,DIo/RC增加,TRo/RC 下降。B型烟粉虱危害烟草后虫体叶和系统叶的单位面积反应中心数量（RC/CS）均明显降低（P＜0.05）,而光系统PSⅡ反应中心的关闭程度（1-qP）却明显升高,分别较各自对照升高了69.83%和142.58%（P＜0.05）。【结论】B型烟粉虱的危害严重影响了烟草叶片的光系统Ⅱ（PSII）,主要是由于PSII反应中心的失活和关闭以及对PSII电子传递的抑制,电子传递中受抑制的位点包括放氧复合体和QA到QB间的电子传递过程,同时B型烟粉虱危害影响了烟草叶片光系统的能量流动,且烟粉虱对烟草叶片PSII的影响具有系统传导性。     

高CO2浓度对春兰叶片叶绿素·叶绿素蛋白质复合物含量的影响

[目的]为了研究春兰适应环境变化的方法。[方法]对自然状态（正常组,CO2浓度（370±50）μl/L）和高CO2浓度（试验组,CO2浓度（700±50）μl/L）春兰叶片的叶绿素及叶绿素蛋白质复合物含量进行研究。[结果]与正常组相比,试验组春兰叶片的叶绿素含量增高,叶绿素a/b降低;叶绿素蛋白质复合物的含量增加,经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳得到6条叶绿素蛋白质复合物带和1条游离色素带,表明叶绿素蛋白质复合物种类未发生变化。从电泳结果可以看出,叶绿素蛋白质复合物聚合态如LHCⅡ3的量增多,单体态LHCⅡ1和LHCⅡ2的量减少。[结论]叶绿素、叶绿素蛋白质复合物含量的变化是春兰对高CO2浓度的一种适应效应,有利于提高其在光合作用中光能的吸收、传递和转换的效率,并且支持高效的光合碳素同化作用。     

长株潭城市群低碳交通发展探究

全球变暖趋势进一步加剧,低碳发展模式已成为世界共识。交通业作为能源消耗主要部门及温室气体排放的重要来源,必然要走低碳化发展道路。分析长株潭城市群交通发展存在的问题,提出要优化交通体系结构、推动低碳交通技术的创新、引导居民健康出行、加强国际间交流与合作等发展对策,最终实现城市交通的低碳发展。